Influence of Human Capital on Fertility Intentions in China

Abstract

In recent years, low fertility rates have become a global challenge, highlighting the importance of fertility intention in predicting behavior. This study explores how human capital influences fertility intention and whether subjective well-being mediates this relationship. It also examines the moderating effects of occupational flexibility and leave policy satisfaction. A mixed methods approach was used. Qualitative analysis involved in-depth interviews with 12 experts, while quantitative analysis was based on 1,180 questionnaire responses. The research results showed that both human capital and subjective well-being have a positive impact on fertility intention. A significant discovery lies in the mediating analysis, revealing that subjective well-being partially mediates the relationship between human capital and fertility intentions, addressing a gap in the prior literature. In addition, occupational flexibility positively moderates the impact of human capital on fertility intention, indicating the important role of occupation in fertility intention. However, leave policy satisfaction has no moderating effect between human capital and fertility intentions. This noteworthy observation adds significant value to the current research landscape. This study proposes a strategy to address declining fertility rates and promote social sustainability. It recommends enhancing individual human capital to boost well being and fertility intentions. Additionally, occupational flexibility could reduce the childbirth penalty. These interconnected measures aim to foster an environment supportive of personal development and family planning, crucial for long-term social sustainability.